外刊精读（三十五）：来看看你的脑回路长什么样？

Haters Gonna Hate

Scientists Make Inroads Exploring Why People Hate

DR. SANJAY GUPTA, CNN CHIEF MEDICAL CORRESPONDENT

Protests, assaults¹ and terror attacks- there seems to be a whole lot of hate in the united states nowadays. But what exactly is hate?

CNN首席医学特派员桑杰·古普塔医师

抗议、袭击与恐怖攻击——当今的美国似乎充满了仇恨。但仇恨究竟是什么呢?

Most of our feelings come in four basic flavors: happy, sad, angry and afraid. but hate it turns out is a different emotion entirely-even from a biological perspective².

我们大部分的感受可分为基本这四种∶快乐、悲伤、愤怒与害怕。然而结果发现，仇恨竟是另一种完全不同的情绪即便从生物角度来看也是如此。

It was about a decade ago when researchers pinpointed³ what has come to be known as the brain's hate circuit⁴. They put study participants⁵ into an MRI⁶ and showed them pictures of people that they had neutral feelings about. Then, they also showed them pictures of people that they hated-in this case, perhaps an ex-lover or a competitor at work-and they found certain parts of their brains lit up. And these parts of the brain play a big role in generating aggressive⁷ behavior and then translating that behavior into action-all in all a bad combination-fueled⁸ by competitiveness or a sense of loss.

大约在十年前，研究人员确切辨识出后来为人所知的大脑恨意回路。他们让参加研究的人进到桉磁共振造影仪，然后给他们看他们不带好恶感觉的人物照片。接着，研究人员又给他们看他们厌恶对象的照片——在此情况下，也许是前任情人或者是工作上的竞争对手——结果他们发现，受试者大脑中的特定部位活跃了起来。大脑中的这些部位在产生攻击行为以及将那样的行为付诸行动当中扮演了很重要的角色。总而言之，是一种糟糕的组合——背后的驱动力则是竞争心态或者失落感。

And you know that saying, "there’s a thin line between love and hate?” Well, it turns out that's rooted⁹ in science as well. Much of the brain's hate circuit also fires up when you feel romantic love. And, like love there is evidence of hatred dating back to our oldest ancestors¹⁰. For instance, it was likely the emotion of hate that made early hunter-gatherers feel OK about taking food away from their rivals¹¹ in order to survive.

听过「爱恨只有一线之隔」这句俗语吗?原来，那也是有科学根据的。当你威觉到浪漫爱意的诗候，大脑的恨意回路有一大部分也会活跃起来。而且，一如爱情，有证据显示仇恨也可以回溯到我们最古老的祖先身上。举例而言，很可能就是仇恨的情绪让早期的狩猎采集者觉得自己可以抢走对手的食物以求生存。

In today's world, when people become frustrated¹², insecure¹³ or afraid of losing something, like their job, neighborhood or their power, they can become filled with hate. And, again, they can act out to save what they think they’re losing.

在当今的世界里，人们感到挫折、没有安全感或者害怕失去什么东西，例如自己的工作、邻里或者权力时，他们就有可能变得充满仇恨。如同先前所言，他们可能会采取行动来挽救他们认为自己即将丧失的东西。

1. assault [əˈsɔːlt] n.攻击;袭击

2. perspective [pərˈspektɪv] n.观点;看法

3. pinpoint [ˈpɪnpɔɪnt ] v.精准确定;准确指出

例：John couldn't pinpoint the source of the strange sound.

约翰无法确切找出那个奇怪声响的来源。

4. circuit [ ˈsɜːrkɪt] n.回路;电路

5. participant [pɑːrˈtɪsɪpənt] n.参与者

6. MRI n.核磁共振造影(= magnetic resonance Imaging)

7. aggressive [əˈɡresɪv] adj.攻击性的;挑衅的

例：Linda's aggressive tone suggested she was not happy with the situation.

琳达挑衅的语气暗示着她不满意现况。

8. fuel [ˈfjuːəl] v.激起;刺激

例：Charlotte didn 't want to fuel doubts over the president's latest scandal.

夏绿蒂不想要助长关于总统近期丑闻的疑虑。

9. root [ruːt] v.根源在于(+ in sth.)

例：Henry's relationship problems are rooted in his fear of commitment.

亨利的感情问题源自于他害怕承诺。

10. ancestor [ˈænsestər] n.祖先;祖宗

11. rival [ ˈraɪvl] n.敌手;对手

12. frustrated [ˈfrʌstreɪtɪd] adj.挫折的;恼怒的

例：Wendy felt very frustrated that the goods she ordered still hadn’t arrived.

温迪订购的商品还没到货，她觉得很不满意。

13. insecure [ ˌɪnsɪˈkjʊr] adj.局促不安的;缺乏信心的

例：Carla felt insecure about her body.

卡拉对自己的身材没自信。

1. make inroads in/ into sth. 抢攻;有进展

名词 inroad表示「侵入;侵袭」，通常用复数，副标中的词组 make in roads可指「侵害:侵蚀」，也可用来形容在某事上「有所进展;产生效果」。后面可用介词in或into加上发展或入侵的领域，在新闻标题中可省略。

例：Don's business had been making great inroads in gaining a foothold on the local market.

唐恩的生意有很不错的进展，在当地市场取得立足之地。